CAS号 [96-73-1] 生产工艺 2-氯-5-硝基苯磺酸
CAS名: Benzenesulfonic acid, 2-chloro-5-nitro-, 酸式。sodium salt. 钠盐CAS号 [946-30-5]
用途: 染料中间体。
生产工艺文献:
反应式: 本人有加注。
BIOS 986, 103-5. (=胶卷 PB 77764) No. 57 4-Chloronitrobenzene-3-sulphonic acid. I.G. Hoechst. 抄录如下。
700 kg. p-chloronitrobenzene molten (C.P. 820C.) is blown into a sulphonator containing 2250 kg. 20% oleum, the temperature rising to 600C. Heat lowly to 750C. and then turn of gas. The temperature rises to 110-1150C. in 2 1/2 – 3 hrs., due to the heat of reaction and the batch is held at this temperature for a further period of eight hours. Under no circumstances should the temperature exceed 1200C. because of the danger of spontaneous decomposition. Completion of sulphonation is tested by steam distillation of a sample and if necessary sulphonation is continued at 110-1150C. with or without the addition of a little more 20% oleum.
The batch is sucked to the pressure vessel (2) at 1100C. and blown to a precipitation vessel containing 4000 litres of water. The temperature after drowning is 75-780C. and the 4-chloronitrobenzene-3-sulphonic acid is completely in solution. 1500 litres of 26% salt solution and 1760 lb. rock salt is added to precipitate the sodium salt. The batch is stirred as long as possible and the temperature should fall to35-380C. by self-cooling. The mother liquor of a test filtration should be 55-570 Tw. And 31-32% sulphuric acid strength by volume.
The batch is filtered on a nutsch and washed as free as possible from acid by repeatedly covering the cake with a total of 2500 litres of salt solution. The product is sodium salt (M.W. 259.5) 42-45% solids.
Yield 990-1005 kg. as 100% (M.W. 237.5) equivalent to 93.5-95.2% of theory.
Plant: 略。
Production: 1937 – 325,000 kg. 1943 – 174,000 kg.
Whilst no explosions have been experienced with the existing plant, such accidents had been experienced in an older plant and with other similar sulphonations, and the covers of the sulphonators were therefore made of very thin steel sheet and the explosion duct was about 18” diam. And led straight through the roof. It was stated that it was important to limit the arsenic and selenium contents of the oleum to not more than 0.02%.
日文摘译。 细田豊 《理论制造染料化学》 1957年。 P. 490. 请见原书。
BIOS 1153, 31-2. (=胶卷 PB 85687) 4-Chloronitrobenzene-3-sulphonic acid. (Leverkusen) 抄录如下。
Outline: 略。Plant: 略。注: Leverkusen = Bayer 公司。
Materials: 1000 kg. p-Chloronitrobenzene (= 438 kg. NaNO2 ). 1100 kg. H2SO4 100% 1000 kg. Oleum, 65%.
320 kg. Sulphate III (anhydrous Glauber’s salt ) 1100 kg. Common salt.
Process:
The special sulphonation vessel is charged with 1100 kg. of H2SO4 (100%). Molten p-chloronitrobenzene (1000 kg.) is then blown slowly in, the temperature being maintained at 35-500C. by means of cooling. The water is then out down to a slight through-flow and the oleum run slowly in. The temperature is not allowed to exceed 600C.
After the addition the batch is carefully heated during 6 hours to 1250C., the temperature rise being so arranged that it is not more than 100C. per hour. As soon as 1250C. is reached it is maintained a further 6 hours at this temperature.
Test: A sample of the sulphonation is diluted with water and the solution blown with steam. There should be no traces of unsulphonated p-chloronitrobenzene in the steam distillate.
When the sulphonation is satisfactory, it is cooled to 600C. and blown into 5,000 l. of cold water in which has been previously dissolved 320 kg. of sulphate III. The temperature rises to 800C., and then, during the course of 2 1/2 hours, the mass is treated with 1100 kg. of common salt.
After cooling down to 280C. it is filtered off on a nutsche, washed with 3,000 l. of 20% salt solution and pulled as dry as possible.
Yield: 97% theory.
中文摘译文。张澍声,《精细化工中间体工业生产技术》1996年。P. 76. 请见原书。
BIOS 1153, 184 (=胶卷 PB 85687) 4-Chloronitrobenzene-3-sulphonic acid. (Leverkusen) 抄录如下。
Process; (a) Sulphonation:
A sulphonation vessel is charged with 2412 kg. of oleum 24%, 1380 kg. of p-chloronitrobenzene and 506 kg. of oleum 65% in that order, the temperature being kept below 600C. When the materials are thoroughly mixed, steam (jacket) is applied to heat to 100-1250C. Sulphonation is completed at this temperature during 3-4 hours (Laboratory test). Meanwhile a dilution vessel is charged with 3,800 l. of water and the sulphonation mass, after cooling to 500C., is blown in to precipitate the sulpho-compound. Liquors 380Be’. The suspension is cooled to 250C., filtered on a nutsche and washed with 2,000 l. of rock salt solution containing 517 kg. of salt. (180Be’ or 1.142 Sp. Gr.) Yield: of 4-chloronitrobenzene-3-sulphonic acid = 4000 kg. @ 49%. 未发现有人翻译。
PB 25602, 501-5 4-Chlorometanilic acid 生产工艺规程,含对硝基氯苯的磺化 未抄录。
PB 25628, 3856-9. 4-Nitrochlorobenzene-2-sulfonic acid. 1939年5月 生产工艺 未抄录。
PB 70361, 6679-80. Vorschrift zur Herstellung von p-Nitrochlorsaeure, (Hoechst) I.G. Nr. 2658. 1946年3月23日。抄录如下。
Apparatur: 略。
Einsatz: 700 kg p-Nitrochlorbenzol eingeschmolzen, Mol. 157.5. EP. 820 770 kg Monohydrat.
700 kg Oleum 65%ig. Ca. 950 kg Salz fuer Faerben. Ca. 1400 kg Salz Koernung V.
Arbeitsweise:
770 kg Monohydrat werden in dem Sulfierungskessel bei gewoehnlicher Temperatur vorgelegt. Dazu werden 700 kg p-Nitrochlorbenzol (E.P. 820), die in einem auf Druck geprueften Rollrefenfass aufgeschmolzen sind, immer unter Ruehren eingedrueckt. Man erhaelt dabei je nach der Temperatur, die der Sulfierungskessel noch von der vorhergehenden Operation hat, Temperatut von etwa 50-600. Bei etwa 500 laesst man immer unter Ruehren, 700 kg Oleum 65%ig langsam einlaufen, was mit einer Temperaturhoehung um etwa 100 verbunden ist. Man steigert die Temperatur so lange, bis alles p-Nitrochlorbenzol sulfiert ist. Bei einer Probe der Sulfierungsmasse, die im Laboratorium der Wasserdampfdestillation unterworfen wird, darf kein unveraendertes p-Nitrochlorbenzol ubergehen. Nach etwa 4-6 Stunden ist die Sulfierung beendet. Es ist Ruecksicht auf die spontane Zersetzlichkeit dieser Sulfierungsmasse bei hoeheren Temperatur streng darauf zu achten, dass die Temperatur von 1250 moeglichst nicht uberschritten wird. Andernfalls muss der Sulfierungskessel durch Besprizen mit Wasser gekuehlt werden.
Nach beendeter Sulfierung laesst das Transportmontejus und drueckt die von diesem moeglichst rasch in ein Ausfaellgefaess, man auf etwa 1000 abkuehlen, saugt die Sulfierungsmasse in dem 3.5 cbm Wasser bei gewoehnlich Temperatur vorgelegt sind. Man erhaelt unter Steigerung der Temperatur auf etwa 700 eine Loesung der gebildeten p-Nitochlorsaeure, aus der durch Zugabe von 950 kg Salz fuer Farben das Natriumsalz der p-Nitrochlorsaeure als gut kristallisiertes Produkt ausgeschieden wird. Man laesst moeglichst lange kalt ruehren, saugt dann die p-Nitrochlorsaeure auf einer Saeurefesten Nutsche ab und waescht auf der Nutsche mit etwa 4 cbm conc, Salzloesung von 240Be’so lange nach, bis das Produkt praktisch Saeurefrei ist. Die p-Nitrochlorsaeure kommt als feuchtes Produkt mit einem Gehalt von 45-50% Mol 237.5 von der Nutsche. In der Mutterlauge einschl. der Waschalzlauge befinden sich nach der Reduktion mit Zinnstaub und Salzsaeure 3-5% titrierbare Substanz. Mol. 237.5.
Die Ausbeute an p-Nitrochlorsaeure betraegt 992 – 1003 kg 100%ig
Mol 237.5 = 141.7-143.3 % vom angewandten p-Nitrochlorbenzol = 94 – 95 % d. Th.
国内研究动态: 三氧化硫磺化法。 染料工业。 1984, 1, 22-4 (37) 和 1993, 1, 26.
加注: 1. BIOS 986 和 BIOS 1153, 未说明资料来源,年份。应该说是译自德文。
2. PB 73561, 抄录文仅供参考。
陈忠源 2016年7月8日 于 无锡 明辉国际。 本文地址:http://www.陈忠源化学文库.cn/Article.asp?ID=10000193