C.I. 冰染偶合组分2(C.I. 37505)生产工艺 CAS号 [92-77-3]
CAS名: 2-Naphthalenecarboxxamide, 3-hydroxy-N-phenyl- 参考文献: Beil. 12,505.
发明者: Winther, Laska and Zitscher 1911年。
用途: 酸性红144。颜料橙24。颜料红2, 21, 22, 32, 245, 258, 268。颜料紫13, 17, 25, 50。颜料蓝25。
生产工艺文献: 按本人收集资料,整理如下:(问题是:英国人原版和国内的染料品种手册均未加注!)
BIOS 3620,1-5.(=胶卷PB 70421)Naphthol AS. Process of manufacture. 英国人译自德文。抄录如下。
反应式: 本人有加注,沈阳院有收藏,译者未说明译自哪个德文原件。
Charge: 600 kg + 300 kg – 194 kg PCl3 à 839.4 kg + 115.7 + 154.4.
Yield: 816.9 kg of crude, dry product of a pure content of 97% = 792. 4 kg 100%.= 136.15% of 2,3-oxynaphthoic acid charged = 97.3% of
theoretical yield of crude.
Starting materials: 600.0 kg of beta-oxynaphthoic acid 100%. 3600.0 kg of pure toluene. 300.0 kg of aniline, pure.
194.0 kg of PCl3 . 180.0 kg of soda ash. 4.5 kg of Nekal BX extra (T). 4.5 kg of carbamide, spec. 40.0 kg of sulfuric acid 600Be’ .
Condensation:
600.0 kg of beta-oxynaphthoic acid 100% with an average pure content of 96.5% is drawn into the charge kettle. Subsequently, 3600.0 kg of pure toluene or recovered purified toluene and 300.0 kg of aniline are added. The kettle is closed and heated to 750C. Then 194.0 kg of phosphorous trichloride is introduced in a thin jet through a glass edging within about 2 hours. The reaction now setting in proceeds exothermically, so that some cooling is necessary in order to maintain the temperature of 75-800C.
When 75-80% of the phosphorous trichloride has run in, hydrogen chloride begins to evolve and the internal temperature drops. More steam is introduced, so as to maintain the inside temperature at 75-850C until the end of the introduction. Within 1 1/2 – 2 hours thereafter the temperature is raised to the boil, and vehement boiling under reflux is carried on for 6 hours. The temperature of the boiling material is 1070C in the beginning and rises gradually to 1110C. The liberated hydrogen chloride escapes from the returning toluene out of a small lead-lined iron box placed behind the lead condenser and passes through a vent pipe connected to the vent of Haveg piping located below the hood. A brine-cooled bimetallic cooler for recovery of residual toluene is installed in the vent duct, in addition to 2 Haveg towers connected in series, which are irrigated with water for purpose of precipitating the hydrogen chloride gas. The resultant dilute hydrochloric acid runs into the channel.
Steam Distillation:
After completion of the condensation the kettle content is cooled to 900C and blown into the distilling kettle. This contains a filtered solution of 180.0 kg of soda in 2000 l. of water. Prior to the start of the steam distillation a test is made to determine whether the reaction material is distinctly soda-alkaline; if necessary, some soda is added. The toluene is subsequently distilled off completely with steam; this requires about 8 hours. The toluene is continuously separated from water in a Florentine receiver and then temporarily stored in a collecting tank of 20 cu.m. capacity.
Filtration:
The Naphthol AS freed from toluene, which is now in a weakly alkaline suspension of boiling temperature in the steam-distillation kettle (volume about 5 cu.m.), is pressed through the iron filter press at 1000C. Maintenance of a temperature of 1000C is essential, because small amounts of developing by-products begin to separate at lower temperatures, thus contaminating the end product. Following the filtration the press is shifted to washing, and the product is washed with condensation water of 60-700C until neutral, blown dry, and withdrawn.
Drying and Grinding:
The press cakes are introduced into the dish dryer in 3 portions and dried with an addition of 0.5% of Nekal BX extra and 0.5% of carbamide, calc., dry, and are ground thereafter in a simplex-Perplex mill with a 3 mm screen.
Regeneration of the Toluene:
The toluene stored in the collecting tank of 20 cu.m. capacity is freed from small amounts of aniline and moisture by pumping through a lead-lined drying tower filled with Raschig rings, into which 500 kg of sulfuric acid 600Be’ has been introduced. When the sulfuric acid is exhausted, the entire tower content is drained into a brick-lined pressure vessel, rinsed with water, and then the toluene is separated by means of a separating can and taken back into the collecting tank behind the steam-distillation apparatus. The sulfuric acid contaminated with bases runs into the channel. The sulfuric acid charged is sufficient for drying and removing the bases from 50,000 kg of toluene, and must be renewed thereafter.
Two active-charcoal vessels are used for toluene recovery; one is designed for vacuum and the other for the charge kettles and distilling vessels. The average annual loss of toluene amounts to about 1.2% of the amount of toluene charged.
细田豊。《理论制造染料化学》1957年。P. 644. 283. ナフト-ル AS. 译自PB 74026;25625. 未说页号。抄录如下。
6 m3 エナメル引缩合机にβ-オキシナフトエ酸100% 600 kg(平均纯度96.5%),Opalogen R 30 kg,トルエン3600 kg,アニリン300 kgを装入し,75-850て”PCl3 194 kgを2 hて”注加し,1 1/2 – 2 h後沸点まて”上け”逆流下(107-1110)8 h煮沸する。铅管コンテ”ンサ-からHClカ”スか”逃け”る。
900に下け”てNa2CO3 180 kg + 水2 m3を入れた10 m3蒸馏机に排出し,约8 h水蒸汽蒸馏し,トルエンを连续的に分离する。
1000て”滤過し, 60-700の水て”洗い,ネカ-ルBX 4.5 kgを加えて亁燥後粉碎する。蒸馏したトルエンは水分とアニリ分を除くためにラシヒリンク”をつめた塔て”600Be’硫酸て”洗う(硫酸500 kgはトルエン50 tを处理て”きる)。トルエンは2つの活性炭吸收器て”捕集し损失は装入量の约1.2%。
收量816.9 kg, 纯度97%,收率94.5%。
张澍声。《精细化工中间体及产品生产工艺》 2006年。P. 560. 译自BIOS 3620, 1. 2-羟基萘-3-甲酰基苯胺。 抄录如下。
(一)缩合: 将600 kg 100% 2-羟基-3-甲酸(实际纯度96.5%)加入缩合锅,随后加入3600 kg纯甲苯或经过精制的回收甲苯和300 kg纯甲苯。闭锅,加热到750C,然后于2小时内以细射流加入194 kg三氯化磷,反应为放热反应,需要进行冷却,以保持温度为75-800C。
三氯化磷流入后,开始释出氯化氢,并且内温下降。通入蒸汽以保持内温在75-800C。加完物料后,在1.5-2小时内加热至沸。沸腾回流6小时。开始时沸腾温度为1070C,逐渐上升到1110C,释出的氯化氢由回流的甲苯中逸出,经过铅冷凝器,来到冷凝器后面的衬铅铁箱中,去往排气管线。冰盐水冷却的双金属冷却器用于回收残余的甲苯,安装在排气管上,另外有两个Haveg塔串联连接,用水冲洗以吸收氯化氢气体,生成的稀盐酸流入下水道。
(二)水蒸汽蒸馏: 缩合完成后,锅内物冷却到900C,送往蒸馏锅,锅内预先加有180 kg 碳酸钠溶解于2000 L水的溶液。水蒸汽蒸馏开始前应进行检验,反应物是否有明显的碳酸钠碱性,必要时应加入一些碳酸钠。随后甲苯用水蒸汽完全蒸馏出来,这约需8小时,甲苯连续从水中分离出来,暂时收集在20 m3的贮槽中。
(三)过滤: 2-羟基萘-3-甲酰基苯胺与甲苯分离后,在水蒸汽蒸馏锅中,体积约5000 L,为弱碱性悬浮体,处于沸腾温度。将其在1000C压往铁压滤机。保持温度在1000C是重要的,因为在较低温度开始分离出少量副产物,使最终产物污染。过滤后,用60-700C凝缩水洗涤至中性,压干并取出。
(四)干燥和研磨: 滤饼分3批送入盘式干燥器,加入0.5% 拉开粉BX extra和0.5% 尿素(以干品重计),研磨成通过3 mm筛粉末。
(无)甲苯的再生: 收集在 20 m3贮槽的甲苯要除去少量苯胺和水分,通过一衬铅干燥塔,塔内填充拉希环,其中加入500 kg 78% 硫酸。当硫酸用完后。全部塔内物吸入衬砖的压力锅中,用水冲洗。然后甲苯用一分离罐分离。送回到20 m3贮槽。被苯胺污染的硫酸排入下水道。加入的硫酸足以将50吨甲苯干燥和除去苯胺,然后要重新更换。
两个活性炭锅用于甲苯回收,一个设计成真空,另一个用于加料锅和蒸馏锅,甲苯损失年平均为甲苯加料量的1.2%。
PB 25625, 578-591. Naphthol AS. May 1931 – Aug 1936. 14 p. 售价1美元。沈阳院有收藏。美国人介绍如下。
The apparatus used is described in great detail. A large-scale process is described in detail, with slight modification added, giving a yield of 93%. (A similar laboratory process, sketchily described, yield 96.9% of the theory.) β-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid and aniline are suspended in toluene and heated to 75-850C. Phosphorus trichloride is added slowly. The mixture is heated to boiling for about eight hours. The product is cooled and purified by means of soda solution, and the toluene is distilled off with steam. A cost calculation and method for preparing the sodium salt are added. In German.
PB 70062, 647. Naphthol AS. 产品分析方法。 Nr. 562. 未抄录。
PB 70190, 7478. Naphthol AS. 产品分析方法。 Nr. 562. 未抄录。
PB 70429, 8299-8308. Naphthol AS. 1942年12月1日 德文生产工艺。未抄录。
PB 74026, 2786- . Naphthol AS. 1940年8月 德文生产工艺。(日文,细田豊。摘译)未抄录。
上海市有机化学工业公司。 染料生产工艺汇编。1976年。 P. 231. 色酚 AS。(本资料已有人抄录出版)抄录如下。
1. 缩合: 在搪玻璃反应釜中,加入氯苯1500升及100% 2-羟基-3-萘甲酸(2,3-酸)540公斤,然后加入三氯化磷氯苯混合液总用量的八分之一(三氯化磷总用量为148公斤,用无水氯苯配成55-60%混合液)。加热升温至650C,加入苯胺310公斤,温度升至700C并稳定在720C左右,在1 3/4小时内均匀加入其余的三氯化磷氯苯混合液。加毕,在2小时内升温至1300C,回流一小时。反应过程中放出氯化氢用水吸收。
2. 中和及后处理: 在蒸馏釜中,加水2000升,纯碱140公斤,在搅拌下将缩合物压入。搅拌15分钟,用直接蒸汽蒸馏至蒸出物无氯苯时,停止蒸馏,加900C以上的热水至5000升。过滤,滤饼再用900C以上热水洗涤至滤液澄清,抽干,干燥,得干品728公斤。总收率:96.36%。
天津染料生产工艺汇编。1980年。 P.151-153. 色酚 AS。抄录如下。
1. 缩合: 540公斤2,3-酸(100%)与1400升氯苯打浆后投入3000升搪瓷罐中,在搅拌下投入由154公斤三氯化磷(100%量)配成的55-60%调节浓度的氯苯溶液总量的1/8。升温到600C,投入苯胺294公斤(100%)680C时均匀加入,其余PCl3量最高温度为1100C之后升温到130-1350C,回流1.5小时缩合即告完成。
2. 中和蒸馏: 在6000升的钢制中和蒸馏锅中,加入800-900升水,纯碱160公斤,在搅拌下将缩合物压入,使pH =8-8.5,用蒸汽夹套加热,吹入直接蒸汽,以蒸出其中的氯苯和过量苯胺之后,加热水5000升。
3. 抽滤: 用热水洗,滤饼在2000升的耙式干燥器中干燥到含水0.3%以下,出料包装。
郑世德(上海泰新染料厂)萘酚AS 改进质量的一些措施。[J] 化工技术资料,染料及中间体分册 1963, 9, 11-12(6 摘录如下。
本文重点是讨论对原料的要求:(1)2,3-酸。(2)三氯化磷。(3)氯化苯。(4)纯碱等。
沈阳院染料二室。新法分析萘酚AS 含量。[J]染料工业 1974, 5, 7-11. 萘酚AS的电位滴定法。请看原刊物。
上海染化九厂。应用正交设计改进色酚质量和收率。请看原刊物。
莆爱军(沈阳院)。色酚AS的高效液相色谱分析。[J]染料与染色 2007, 3, 45-46. 请看原刊物。
加注: 历史回顾:
Colour Index Second Edition 1956. C.I. 37505. C.I. Azoic Coupling Component. 唯一参考文献:FIAT 764 – Naphthol AS. 该书未引用上述资料。
中国化工信息中心 1995年10月出版。主编 丁忠传 等。染料品种指南。P. 163. 参考文献。Colour Index. 第三版。同上。
《世界染料品种 – 2000年》编写组 2000年10月出版。世界染料品种 – 2000年。P. 447. 参考文献。Colour Index. 1999年版。同上。
全国染料工业信息中心 2005年12月出版。主编 肖 刚 杨新玮 等。世界染料品种 – 2005年。p. 209. 参考文献。同上。
讨论:
为什么以上出版物均未引用上述抄录的文献?我手头收录的BIOS No. 3597 & 3620. Process for Manufacture of Naphthols AS-G & AS 是:The New China Book Company。 152 Burlington Court, 1213 Nanking Road, Western Shanghai 出版物,当时售价5,000元。并有加注:此书承中华化学工业会借印以供同好特此致谢!说明国内开发本产品是参考了的。另外缩微胶卷国内早已有进口!问题是未见有人引用。
同样是二手资料(指由德文译出),日本人1957年已有译文,而我们是在2006年。问题是译了,也未列入染料品种手册。
致读者:
本人因为是单干,所以是随便抄一点上网,没有顺序,也没有什么新东西。当然,有人提出问题我为安排。
很高兴,本人以此考古,养老!很可能有不少打字差错,请大家谅解,同时再次谢谢各位读者!
陈忠源 2017年6月5日 于 无锡 明辉国际。 本文地址:http://www.陈忠源化学文库.cn/Article.asp?ID=10000434