CAS号 [92-70-6] 生产工艺。 2-羟基-3-萘甲酸(2,3-酸)
CAS名:2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy- Beil. 10, 333; E1, 147; E2, 211; E3, 1084.
用途:染料及颜料中间体。 LookChem网登录生产与经营单位132家。
BIOS 986, 234-249.(=胶卷PB 77764)。 2,3-Hydroxynaphthoic acid. (I.G. Offenbach). 英国人译自德文,无资料来源(国内有引用)。
反应式:本人有加注。
Course of reaction: 反应过程:(a) Theoretical: 理论投得量:略,不再抄录。 (b) Practical: 实际投得量:略,不再抄录。
Yield: 收率: - 46.5% (based on act. wt.) on β-naphthol charged.
-94.9% ditto on β-naphthol consumed (i. e. 3234 X 94.9).
- 72.6% theory. – 35.6% theory on β-naphthol charged.
By-product: 副产:Recovered β-naphthol (re-used in the process), 51% on β-naphthol charged.
Process: 操作步骤:Raw materials: 原料:
β-naphthol 6,600 lb.。 100% NaOH (100% as 50% liquor 1,850 lb.。 Carbon dioxide 1,841 lb.。 37% hydrochloric acid 6,012 lb.。
Preparation of the sodium β-naphtholate. 2-萘酚钠盐的制备。
1850 lb. 100% NaOH as 50% liquor is charged to the carbonation vessel. 6600 lb. molten β-naphhthol is then run in. By the time all the β-naphthol has been run in, the internal temperature has reached 135 – 140℃. because of (a) the temperature of the reagents before mixing, and (b) the heat of reaction. All cocks are now closed and the internal temperature raised to 182℃. The pressure reaches 3 – 3.5 ats. (45 – 52.5 lb./sq. in.). The vessel is heated with steam at 30 ats. (450 lb./ sq. in.).
Drying: 干燥:
At 182℃. the pressure release cock is opened slowly a little at a time so that it takes 5 to 6 hours for the contents of the pan to reach atmospheric pressure (caution: batch froths easily). During this time, the temperature falls, in spite of continued external heating, to 172℃. At first the naphtholate is a thin liquid but after the end of the pressure release on reaching 175℃. it becomes first of al viscous and then, in the course of the vacuum drying, friable and finally powdery.
At an internal temperature of 175℃. vacuum is applied very cautiously to the pan, using a“single-stage piston pump”which is not sensitive to water vapour. Care must be taken to ensure that the vacuum of 40 mm. absolute is only reached very slowly (about 6 hours) by throttling down the cock. With faster pressure release so much heat is lost, in spite of maximum possible external heating, because of the bad heat transfer to the naphtholate and through evaporation that the internal temperature falls to such a low level that the drying time is unduly prolonged. At 195℃. and 40 mm. the pimps are changed over, i. e. a pump is now used which can attain a vacuum of 15 mm. in the carbonation pan. The last traces of water are removed at a final temperature of 220 – 230℃. The end of the drying, which is carried out with great care since it is essential for the success of the entire process, is reached when the distillation lines are cold and no more condensate is to be seen in the built-in sight-glasses. The naphtholate is then finely divided and almost completely fills the space (1320 galls.) available in the pan in the form of a fine, white powder. The preparation of the naphtholate and the drying take 24 hours.
First cqarbonation: 第一次羧化:
Afterclosing the vacuum cock, carbon dioxide is slowly introduced into the evacuated pan which, by the end of the drying, has reached 220 to 230℃. The powdered sodium naphtholate becomes viscous and pasty due to the formation of free β-naphthol and offers considerable resistance to the agiator. In order to avoid sticking of the agitator the carbon dioxide addition is so regulated that it takes 2 hours to reach a pressure of 4.5 ats. (67.5 lb./sq. in.). Carbonation is continued for 8 to 10 hours, and a temperature of 260℃. reached.
First Naphthol Distillation: 第一次萘酚蒸馏:
The pressure of 4.5 ats. (67.5 lb./sq. in.) is released through two iron pots furnished with jute filters (see Note 1) to retain any powder material and distillation then commenced by application of medium vacuum from pumps a2 A used for the initial drying to the water-cooled receivers (2b). When βdistillation becomes slow, a changeover is made to the high vacuum pump (12 c). in order to get a 15 mm. vacuum (see Note 2). At the finish of the distillation, which takes 7 hours, the internal temperature in the carbonator is 230℃. The first distillation yields approx. 1760 lb. β-naphthol.
Second Carbonation: 第二次羧化:
Carbon dioxide is introduced for a second time into the evacuated pan in the same manner as in the first carbonation, and the carbonation is continued until CO2 absorption at a pressure of 4.5 ats. (67.5 lb./sq. in.) becomes very small. Final temperature 250 – 255℃. Time taken, approximately 4 hours.
Second Naphthol Distillation: 第二次萘酚蒸馏:
A second naphthol distillation is carried out just like the first and taking 3 to 4 hours. During the distillation of temperature falls to 225℃. The distillate amounts to 662 lb. β-naphthol.
Third Carbonation: 第三次羧化:
A third carbonation is carried out like the first and second, the internal temperature is raised by approximately 15℃. and the reaction lasts 3 to 4 hours.
Third Naphthol Distillation: 第三次萘酚蒸馏:
The third naphthol distillation causes a fall in temperature to 220℃. Time = approx. 2.5 to 3 hours. Amount of distillate equals 330 lb. The amount of naphthol recovered in the three distillations amounts to approx. 2,772 lb. = 42% of the charge. The β-naphthol in the receiver (2 b) is melted and pumped via a heated pump into the storage vessel for β-naphthol. The recovered β-naphthol is equal in quality to fresh β-naphthol.
Lixiviation of carbonation mass: 羧化物的浸提:
After the third distillation, the agitator is stopped and water is introduced into the evacuated vessel up to the top blade of the agitator. The batch is heated to 1 ats. (15 lb./sq. in.) pressure using high pressure steam. The agitator is then re-started and at 145℃ internal temperature and 2 ats. pressure (30 lb./sq. in.) the carbonator contents are blown into the storage vessel for crude solution (item 4). After a second lixiviation carried out in a similar manner, the pressure vessel is completely clean and ready for the next charge. The total plant occupation time for the carbonation vessel is approximately 54 hours.
Working up: 后处理:
Crude solution corresponding to a charge of 9900 lb. β-naphthol, i. e. 1.5 carbonations, is charged to the neutralization vat (item 5) which has a capacity of 11,000 gallons.
The solution is diluted to 8.6 to 10.20 Twaddell at 56℃. and neutralized with approximately 5280 lb. 320 Tw. Hydrochloric acid adjusted with water to a volume of 8800 gallons, and cooled as far as the cooling water allows. The solution should have a pH value of approximately 6.8 (Test: A sample filtered through a dry filter should remain clear on further dilution with water). If the test is satisfactory, the batch is pumped to the filterpress (item 6) to isolate the precipitated β-naphthol which is washed and air-blown.
Tarry by-products remain behind in the neutralization vat and are melted and run off. The filtrate runs from the filetrpress (item 6) to the precipitation vats (item 7). The β-hydrinaphthoic acid is precipitated from the solution which has been heated to 80℃. by adding approximately 3,740 lb. 320 Tw. Hydrochloric acid until the batch is faintly acid to Congo Red.
The batch is cooled to 50℃. and the sandy product allowed to settle. The clear liquor is drawn off to one third of the depth of the vat and run to drain via a filter. The slurry is then run to centrifuges, washed and“whizzed”to a moisture content of 13 to 15%. The drying of the final product is carried oyt in the plate dryers (item 9) with steam at 30 – 45 lb./sq. in. to a maximum water content of 0.2%.
β-naphthol Recovery: β-萘酚回收:
The naphthol containing zanthron and resin, accumulated in the filterpress (item 6) is dehydrated in the dehydration kettle (item 10) at 145℃. and sucked over to the naphthol still (item 4) in the molten state. Here the naphthol is distilled from the by-products in to a receiver (item 2 b) under a vacuum of 15 mm. (pump 12 d) and a body temperature of 230℃. From a charge of 6600 lb. β-naphthol approximately 594 lb. β-naphthol are recovered at this stage. This is melted and combined with the β-naphthol recovered from the carbonation vessels and is re-used since its quality is equal to that of fresh β-naphthol. The molten naphthol pitch is run off to a cooling tray. β-naphthol (re-used in process). From 1st distillation – 1780 lb. From 2nd distillation - 632 lb. From 3rd distillation - 380 lb. Recovery still - 594 lb. Total 3366 lb.
Method for the analysis of 2,3-hydroxynaphthoic acid: 2,3-羟基萘甲酸分析方法:(抄注:以下只抄录标题,不再抄录具体内容)。
(1) Strength: 2,3-酸含量的测定:(a) Coupling: 偶合法:(b) Strength by iodone: 碘量法:
(2) β-naphthol determination: 2,3-酸中α-萘酚含量的测定:
(3) Correction to strength by coupling and iodine value: 偶合法和碘量法的校正:
(4) Melting Point: 熔点的测定:
(5) Appearance: 外观:Yellowish finely crystalline body.
(6) Determination of solubility: 溶解度的测定:
Miscellaneous Notes: 操作中其它注意事项:同上,也只抄录标题!
1. Naphthol Vapour Outlet. 萘蒸汽出口:
2. The drying operation is divided into three phases:
3. In an expansion scheme drawn up before the war, I.G.
4. With the present set-up two of the large 50 cu. m.
5. Labor: 6 – 9. 不再抄录。 10. Production: 历年产量:如下。
1937 / 955,000 kg; 1938 / 845,000 kg; 1939 / 870,000 kgg; 1940 / 737,000 kg; 1941 / 700,000 kg; 1942 / - ; 1943 / 292,000 kg; 1944 / 394,000 kg; 1945 / 217,000 kg.
11. Analytical Characteristics:
Plant: 生产设备:1. Carbonation vessel(羧化设备); Receivers: Condensers; Storage and measure vessels 等不再抄录。
2,3-Hydroxynaphthoic acid plant, Yields for the four quarters of 1937. 1937年,各季度的收率:略。
FIAT 1308, 2,3-hydroxynaphthoic acid. 美国人译自德文,本人未收藏。日文译文如下(未见国内有人引用!)。
细田豊 《理论制造染料化学》。技報當 出版。1957年。P. 532-533. β-オキシナフトエ酸(2,3-ヒドロキシナフトエ酸),
上式のように反应中ナフト-ルの半分が游离してくる。從来230 – 2500,10 – 20气压,3 – 6 hの反应を行つていた。しかしIG法では途中3回ナフト-ルを蒸馏し阶段的行つている。そのためナフト-ルが直ちに使用される形で回收され反应後の分离も容易になるわけである。
ナフト-ルNa盐:6 m3 オ-トクレ-ブにNaOH 841 kgを50% 液で入れ,β-ナフト-ル3000 kgを液状で加え最后は135 – 1400 になるようにする。密闭して1820, 3 – 3.5气压に上げ,バルブを少し開いて5 – 6 hで常压まで下げれば加热しているにもかわらず1720 に下る。こでピストンポンプを用いて温度を下り過ぎないようにバキウムを调节しながら约6 h後40 mmで1950 になつたら, バキウムポンプに换え,15 mm 220 - 2300 まで上げ無水にすればナフトレ- トは白色の细粉状となつてほとんど充满する。全时间24 h。
第1カルボキシル化および蒸馏:上记亁燥に续きバキウムを止めてCO2 を吹入めばナフト-ルを游离し粘稠になる故2 h後に4.5 气压に达する程度に调节し,8 – 10 hを要して2600 まで上げる。ここで15 mmの真空をかけて7 hでナフト-ルを约800 kg 蒸馏し2300 になる。
第2カルボキシル化および蒸馏:再びCO2 を压入し4.5气压でほとんど吸收しなくなるまで约4 hかかり250 – 2550 に达する。ここでまたナフト-ル310 kgを3 – 4hで蒸馏,2250 になる。
第3カルボキシル化および溶解:最後は265 – 2700 に上げ3 – 4 h CO2 压入し,ナフト-ル150 kgを2.5 – 3 hで蒸馏し,2200 に下る。回收ナフト-ルは3回で计1260 kg (42%)で品质は新しいものと变りなく,次の装入に用いられる。
最後の蒸馏後搅拌を止めて水を搅拌腕の最上部まで加え,高压蒸汽加热と低压蒸汽吹入によつて1气压とし,搅拌して1450 ,2气压にして排出,再び水を入れて同样にして全く溶出する。オ-トクレ-ブ全作业54 h。
分离:50 m3 中和槽に1.5回分の溶液を入れれ6 – 70Be’ にうすめ,560 で盐酸2.4 tで中和し,40 m3 にうすめ水管によつてできるだけ冷し,pH 800 でナフト-ルの沉淀を滤過して沉淀槽に移し,中和槽の底に残つたピッチはメルトして底からぬく。沉淀槽の液は800 に上げながら盐酸约1.7 t でコンゴ-弱酸性とし,700 に冷して砂状のオキシナフトエ酸を静置し,上から2/3 を滤過机を通してぬき,残りを逺心分离にかけ水洗し,13 – 15%水分のケ-クを0.2%以下の水分になるまで亁燥する。
クサントンおよび树脂を含むナフト-ルは1450 で脱水し,蒸馏机で15 mm釜温2300 で蒸馏し1回の反应分から约270 kgを回收する。オキシナフトエ酸,收率72.6% /反应ナフト-ル。
Developer ON(精制オキシナフトエ酸)。译自PB 77764。
オキシナフトエ酸普通品100% 567.5 kg(ペ-スト700 kg)を水5 tとまぜ,300 でNa2CO3 150 kg,脱色炭30 kgを加え18 m3 にして5 h搅拌後滤過し,滤液に800 少量のNa2S2O4 を加え,盐酸450 kgで沉淀,上澄液を捨て残りを滤過,水洗,亁燥する。收率96%。
张澍声 《精细化工中间体工业生产技术》。(染料工业)编辑部 出版。1996年。P. 200. 2-羟基萘-3-甲酸,译自FIAT 1308。
2-萘酚钠盐在高压釜中于120 – 145℃与二氧化碳反应,先生成碳酸盐,在120℃转位生成2-羟基-1-萘甲酸,然后在230 – 240℃加热转位成2,3-酸。该反应生成的游离萘酚在反应的三个阶段真空蒸馏回收。
萘酚钠的制备:在羧化槽中加入841 kg 100% NaOH(为50% 溶液),然后加入3000 kg 液状2-萘酚。在加入的最后,槽内的温度达到135 – 140℃(由于反应热)。关闭羧化槽,加热到内部温度为182℃,压力3 – 3.5 atm。
在182℃慢慢打开压力释放阀(注意产生泡沫),在5 – 6小时内槽内压力降至大气压力,尽管继续外部加热,温度仍随着降至172℃。最初的湿的萘酚熔融物在压力释放并且内部温度达175℃后,开始变为粘稠,并且真空干燥过程中变为易脆的,最后成为粉末。在内温175℃时,槽内逐渐抽真空,一般采用单级活塞泵,这类泵对水蒸汽不特别敏感。当真空达到40 mm绝对压力时(或6小时),要调节阀门放低速度。如果抽真空太快,则蒸发所带走的热量太多(除非强力的外部加热),并且由于萘酚钠的热传导很差,因此内部温度下降极快,从而干燥时间可能太长。在195℃和40 mmHg时,开始采用真空泵,使槽内压力达15 mmHg。在220 – 230℃的最终温度时,最后的一点水分被除去,蒸汽管冷却,冷凝器观察孔看不到凝缩物。萘酚钠处在精细粉碎条件下,几乎完全充满在6 m3锅的体积内,为细的白色粉末。萘酚钠的形成及干燥需要24小时。
第一次羧化:在真空槽内,在最后干燥温度220 – 230℃下关闭真空阀,缓缓通入CO2 。粉状萘酚钠由于形成游离萘酚,变成糊状和粘稠,并对搅拌器有极大阻力。为了防止阻滞搅拌器,CO2的通入在2小时后调节在总压力达到4.5 atm。在达到2609C前需要8 – 10小时。
第一次萘酚蒸馏:通过两个铁槽排出4.5 atm的压力,槽内有黄麻过滤器,并真空蒸馏萘酚。蒸馏完毕约需7小时,内部温度达230℃。第一次蒸馏得到800 kg 2-萘酚。
第二次羧化:在抽真空的槽中第二次通入CO2,压力4.5 atm,直至很少吸收。最终温度为250 – 255℃。
第二次萘酚蒸馏:第二次蒸馏延续3 – 4小时。在蒸馏过程中温度降至225℃。蒸馏回收310 kg 2-萘酚。
第三次羧化:使内部温度提高到约15℃,延续3 – 4 小时。
第三次萘酚蒸馏:使内部温度下降至220℃,延续2.5 – 3小时。蒸出2-萘酚150 kg,三次蒸馏总计回收1260 kg 2-萘酚,为加料的42%,用作下次反应的原料。
后处理:在50 m3的中和槽中加入上述比重1.045的溶液,在约56℃用约2400 kg 31% 盐酸中和,用水稀释至40 m3,溶液的pH值为6.8。取样在干过滤器上过滤,加水仍保持清晰,即为满意。将物料送入压滤机分离出沉淀的2-萘酚,水洗干燥。
在中和槽中产生的树脂副产物留在后面。熔融取出。压滤机的滤液流入沉淀槽中加热至80℃,并用1700 kg 30% 盐酸中和至刚果红为酸性,冷却至70℃,静置,抽出上部2/3的清液,下部1/3进行过滤,以2-萘酚加料数量计,收率46.5%,以消耗2-萘酚计,收率94.9%。
PB 25624, 800-801. 2-Hydroxynaphthoic acid. 德文生产工艺,未抄录。【抄注】以下PB报告国内有进口,均未见有人提及!
PB 25624, 802-805. Production of Deverloper ON from 2-hydroxynaphthoic acid. 德文生产工艺,未抄录。
PB 25628, 3688-3716. Manufacturing process for beta oxy naphthoic acid L new. 1937年德/英文生产工艺,1美元。美国人介绍如下。
This folder contains several documents with instructions for the production of 4 different specifications of beta hydroxyl-3naphthoic acid(mol. mt.188,“D#10115”“L#10116”and“L new”)。Basic materials are beta-naphthol, sodium hydroxide, carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid. The earlier steps of the processes are identical, the later ones and the purification differ for the different final products. They are described in detail, also the separates used. Tests to be made are also described. In English and German. 原件本人未抄录。
PB 70188, 6061-6063. 2-羟基-3-萘甲酸产品德文分析方法。Nr. 87. 未抄录。
PB 70422, 2508-2517. Beta-hydroxynaphthoic acid. 1938和1939年德文生产工艺。1.5美元,未抄录。
PB 70422, 2538-2548. Beta-hydroxynaphthoic acid. 1936年5月德文生产工艺。1.5美元,未抄录。
PB 70422, 2549-2554. Hydroxynaphthoic acid. 1934年8月6日德文生产工艺,编写Weigmann. 1.5美元,未抄录。
PB 70422, 2555-2563. Developer ON. 1933; 1934; 1937; 1939年德文生产工艺。1.5美元,未抄录。
PB 70422, 2564. Beta-hydroxynaphthoic acid. 1940年1月德文生产工艺。1.5美元,未抄录。
上海市有机化学工业公司《染料生产工艺汇编》。1976年。P. 99-100. 2-羟基-3-萘甲酸(简称2,3-酸)。操作方法。
1. 成盐反应:在成盐锅中加入30% 氢氧化钠930升,熔融98.5% 乙萘酚1360公斤,密闭加热一小时,锅内压强约1 – 1.5公斤/厘米2 表压,温度110 – 120℃。排压,取样分析,要求氢氧化钠过量0.2%,如不合格则补加氢氧化钠反应至合格为止。
2. 羧化反应:将乙萘酚钠盐压至羧化反应釜,加热脱水,起压约2 – 2.5公斤/厘米2表压,当温度升至230℃时,排压。然后抽真空继续脱水干燥,至230℃时,停止加热,真空干燥一小时半。停止抽真空,在温度220 – 240℃通入二氧化碳至锅压强为6公斤/厘米2表压约一小时。排去压力,真空蒸馏除去反应生成的乙萘酚。蒸完后再通二氧化碳进行羧化。如此反复进行羧化及蒸馏几次,至蒸出乙萘酚总量达450升以上,通入二氧化碳不再吸收为止,加入90℃以上的热水2000升,搅拌半小时。
3. 中和反应:在树脂分离槽中,加水8000升,升温至80℃,将羧化物料压入。用热水2000升洗涤羧化反应釜,然后也压至分离槽中。压完后加热至100℃,静置15分钟后从锅底放出树脂状残渣。放完后冷却至70℃以下,加入稀硫酸中和至pH 7 – 8左右。将物料移至中和木桶,加酸调整至pH 5 – 5.5。再加水调整体积至20000升。加氢氧化钠16公斤。冷却至30℃压滤(滤去乙萘酚)。
4. 酸化反应:将上述滤液打入酸化木桶,加热至80℃,加稀硫酸酸析,至刚果红试纸变微蓝为止。然后冷却至40℃过滤,水洗至中性,离心过滤,干燥,至水分小于0.3%,得干品2,3-酸约680公斤。 总收率:73%(按消耗的乙萘酚计算)。
【抄注】此内部资料,有多人抄录而且公开出版!
徐克勋 主编《有机化工原料及中间体便览》。辽宁省石油化工技术情报总站 出版。1989年。P. 495. 2-羟基-3-萘甲酸。
【制法】2-萘酚与烧碱液于135℃反应,生成2-萘酚钠盐,滤去母液后,在250 – 260℃,0.6兆帕下,与二氧化碳进行反应,生成2-萘酚与2,3-酸双钠盐。经树脂分离,于60℃加入硫酸中和,于80℃加入硫酸酸析而得2,3-酸粗品。再经吸滤,离心分离,干燥而得成品。
章思规 主编《精细有机化学品技术手册》。科学出版社 出版。1992年。P. 185. 2-羟基-3-萘甲酸。 抄自《染料生产工艺汇编》,不再抄录。
侯乐山 主编《中国精细化工产品集 – 原料及中间体10396种》。2006年。P. 990. 2-羟基-3-萘甲酸。
中国化工信息中心 全国精细化工原料及中间体行业协作组 出版。《版权所有 未经允许 不得翻印》。
【生产方法】2-萘酚与烧碱反应生成2-萘酚钠盐,经减压蒸馏脱水后。得无水2-萘酚钠盐,与二氧化碳进行羧化反应,生成2-萘酚与2,3-酸双钠盐,经树脂分离除去2-萘酚,再经硫酸中和,酸化制得3-羟基-2-萘甲酸。经吸滤,离心分离,干燥,得成品。
【原料消耗定额】2-萘酚1047 kg/t,液碱(30%)1950 kg/t,硫酸(92.5%)845 kg/t,小苏打25 kg/t,二氧化碳692 kg/t。
【生产厂】6家。
张大国 编著《精细有机单元反应合成技术手册》。化学工业出版社 出版。2014年。P. 136. 3-羟基-2-萘甲酸,2,3-酸。
【制法】将30% 氢氧化钠溶液930 L,熔融的2-萘酚1360 kg加入成盐,密闭加热1 h,压力约0.1 – 0.15 MPa,温度110 – 120℃,得2-萘酚钠盐溶液。
将2-萘酚钠盐加入羧化反应罐,加热,当压力达0.2 – 0.25 MPa,温度升至230℃时,排压。减压脱水1.5 h,于220 – 240℃通入二氧化碳,压力为0.6 MPa保持1 h,排压后,减压蒸除2-萘酚,蒸完后再通二氧化碳进行羧化,如此反复进行羧化及蒸馏,直至蒸出2-萘酚总量达450 L以上,通入二氧化碳不再吸收为止,加入90℃以上热水2000 L,搅拌30 min。将上述羧化物料加入装有80℃的8000 L水的分离槽中,静置分除槽底的树脂状残渣,冷却至70℃以下,用稀硫酸中和微调至pH = 5 – 5.5。再加水至20000 L,加碳酸氢钠16 kg,冷却至30℃,压滤除去2-萘酚。滤液于80℃酸化至 pH = 2 – 3,冷至40℃,过滤,水洗,干燥,得2,3-酸680 kg.
【抄注】本书也是“版权所有 违者必究”!实际上资料完全抄自《染料生产工艺汇编》!
天津染料工业汇编。 1980年。P. 41-42. 2-羟基-3-萘甲酸。 操作方法。
1. 成盐:在3000升的钢制具夹套及浆式搅拌的成盐锅内,投入60%(体积浓度)的液碱620升,在搅拌下于110℃投入2-萘酚1340公斤(1300升),升温到125 – 130℃,保温1.5小时,分析NaOH 过量≯0.2% 为合格,之后升温到145℃准备注碳化釜进料。
2. 碳酸化:将3000升刚制具夹套及剪式搅拌的碳化釜,用道生预热至180 – 200℃后,将成盐料压入,密闭,升温,精细起压,脱水,温度至210℃,压力4 – 6公斤/厘米2,排压,随水分蒸出温度上升到235℃,压力降到2公斤/厘米2,排除压力。当釜内压力0.3公斤/厘米2以下时进行减压干燥1小时之后通入CO2(4公斤/厘米2)进行碳酸化,与蒸出2-萘酚交替进行,通入CO2时压力为4 – 6公斤/厘米2,蒸馏时真空度为720 mmHg,结束时,温度在230℃,2-萘酚蒸出量在500升压力以上,之后压入1000热水进行稀释。
3. 树脂分离:在18000升的钢制具浆式搅拌及蛇管的树脂分离罐中,先加入8000升水煮沸,将碳化釜料压入其中,调整体积,升温到100℃以上,停搅拌静置,自锥形底分出树脂之后,在搅拌下冷至65℃,加入35% 硫酸,pH = 5.9 – 6.2,冷却到50 – 55℃,静置两小时,打入中和罐。
4. 中和析出2-萘酚:在2400升木制具有浆式搅拌及蛇管的中和罐内,将分出树脂后物料用硫酸,小苏打调整pH = 6.5 – 7.0,降温,压滤,滤饼经脱水蒸馏回收2-萘酚,滤液打入酸析罐中。
5. 酸析:滤液在具浆式搅拌及蛇管的15000升酸析罐中,于80 – 85℃,加入35% 硫酸直到刚果红试纸刚变蓝,游离酸含量为2克/升,冷却至40℃,分离母液,水洗,抽滤。
6. 干燥:用耙式真空干燥器将2,3-酸进行干燥至含水量达0.3% 以下,冷却出料。
国内研究动态:
黄林森(吉林染料厂)。《影响2,3-酸高压釜操作的问题讨论》。[J]化工技术资料(染料及中间体分册)1963, 9, 13-17.
一。 苛性碱超过理论量对反应的影响;二。 防止2-萘酚钠盐的氧化; 三。 制取粉末状的无水2-萘酚钠盐; 四。 2-萘酚钠盐真空干燥操作的控制; 五。 关于碳酸化反应; 六。 高压釜出料时应注意的问题。
【抄注】其具体说明不再抄录。主要参考文献:有BIOS 986. 但是没有提及PB报告!
张志蓝 等(苏州大学)。《高效液相色谱法测定2,3-酸含量》。[j] 染料工业,1991, 6, 34-35 (62).
穆振义 王东田(天津大学)。《色酚AS-LC合成的研究》。 [J] 染料工艺, 1994, 5, 18-20.
资料中提到2,3-酸的合成,其参考文献:BIOS 986和章思规的资料。冰染偶合组分23,CAS号[4273-92-1] 已上网。
何岩彬 主编《染料品种大全》。沈阳出版社 出版。2018年。P. 1943. 中文名称:3-羟基-2-萘甲酸。
【可合成的染料】C.I. 冰染偶合组分2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29,30, 31, 32, 34, 40, 41, 46。
C.I. 颜料橙31, 55。 C.I. 颜料红48, 48:1, 48:2, 48:3, 48:4, 48:5, 48:6, 52, 52:1, 52:2, 52:3, 55, 56, 57, 57:1, 57:2, 57:3, 58, 58:1, 58:2, 58:3, 58:4, 63, 63:1, 63:2, 63:3. 64, 64:1, 77, 115, 129, 134, 142, 200, 200:1, 201, 220, 221, 262。 颜料棕5, 41, 42。
此外,通过冰染重氮组分14,也可以合成C.I. 分散红220。
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陈忠源 2021年1月5日星期二。 本文地址:http://www.陈忠源化学文库.cn/Article.asp?ID=10001520