CAS号 [90-94-8] 生产工艺 四甲基米氏酮
CAS名:Methanone, bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]- 参考文献: Beil. 14, 89; E1, 391; E2, 57; E3, 226.
用途: 酸性紫15, 38。酸性蓝34, 86, 88, 97。碱性黄2。碱性橙23。碱性紫3, 23。碱性蓝1, 2, 8, 11, 26, 35。
溶剂黄34。溶剂紫9。颜料紫39。颜料蓝2, 9。颜料绿3。光引发剂。反应类别: 光气化。缩合。
生产工艺文献: 按本人手头资料整理如下,仅供读者参考和进行产品历史分析。
BIOS 986, 256-258.(=胶卷PB 77764) No. 145. Michier’s Ketone (I.G. Ludwigshafen). 英国人译自德文。抄录如下。
反应式: 本人有加注,反应式为示意图,译者未注明资料来源!本人摘录有德文原件名,因为未抄录,无法对比。
Materials usage per batch: 每批投料量: 以下抄录不再按原文分项。
DMA tech. 960 kg. Phosgene 400 kg. Zinc chloride
anhydrous 140 kg. Hydrochloric acid 30% 300 kg.
Services Consumptions: 公用工程耗量: 抄注: Kw-Std. 是德文千瓦小时。
Steam 28.8
ton. Air 1824 cu.m. Water 1536 cu.m. Electricity 816 Kw-Std. Process Labour 96 hr.
Plant description: 所用设备: 抄注; BIOS 959. 本人未收藏。
See Viktoriareinblau BO (in report on T.P.M. dyestuff
targets) will be published as BIOS Final Report No. 959.
Process Description: 操作步骤:
Charge 2,000 kg. D.M.A. into the 3.3 cu.m. enameled
melt kettle, and with agitation add 400 kg. liquid phosgene at 15-170C.
(about 12 hr.). Initially there is a
fairly quick rise of temperature and of pressure to about 10-20 cm.Hg. This is
vented. Calculated from the end of phosgene addition hold for 12 hr. at 15-200C.
12 hr. at 20-250C. At the end of this 36 hr. period add in two
halves with an interval of 3 hr. between, a total of 140 kg. zinc chloride
anhydrous. On each occasion the temperature rises to 350C but is
brough back to 280C with cooling water. 3 hr. after the second
addition of zinc chloride warm the water batch and agitate so that the
temperature rises to 420C in 24 hr. then to 500C. in a
further 24 hr., and finally to 800C during a further 6 hr. Test for
uncondensed acid chloride by conversion to p-dimethylamino benzoic acid – 50 g.
of the finished melt shall give not more than 0.5 g. D.M.A. benzoic acid (=
25.4 kg. in the whole melt). Heat quickly to 95-1000C when the test
is satisfactory and watch out for acetching. 抄注: acetching 这是原文。
From the bottom outlet run the thick viscous melt into
the digester containing 2.8 cu.m. of oil-water and run in hydrochloric acid
simultaneously in a thin stream. When the addition of the melt is complete
sufficient hydrochloric acid should have been added to produce a distinct brown
on Congo Red paper. During the addition the vat is agitated. The hydrochloric
acid requirement is 220-240 l. Wash out the melt kettle with warm water to the
vat and dry it out for the next batch. Heat the contents of the vat carefully
to 800C. with live steam. At that temperature test by smell to
ensure that the excess D.M.A. is not strongly volatile. If necessary add a
further 5 l. hydrochloric acid. The liquor must react faintly acid. Dilute with
cold water and stop the agitator. Next morning pump at a temperature of 500C
to the Streichnutsche(德文:一种抽滤器)and suck the acid liquor to receivers (3)
and (4). Press the nutsche cake as dry as possible. Charge into the vat
2,000-2,300 l. oil water (from the distillation of D.M.A.), stir with 15 l.
hydrochloric acid and pump in two halves to the Streichnutsche the nutsche
contents being stirred up and sucked off again each time. For the third wash
fill the Streichnutsche to about 2/3 of its height with water and add 40 kg.
20% ammonia. Stir and suck off. Dry on iron trays in a vacuum stove for 2 days
at 67-70 cm. vac. and an inner temperature of 90-1000C. Test for
moisture by distillation with xylol. The moisture content must be not more than
1.7%.
The purity of the ketone is estimated by dissolving a
100 g. sample of the dried batch in 160 c.c. xylol hot, and crystallizing by
shaking and water cooling. Filter after 15-20 hr., wash with a little cold
xylol, and evaporate the mother liquor and washings to dryness. Stir the
residue twice with 5 c.c. alcohol and suck off. The alcoholic liquors contain
only tar and are evaporated in a tared flask.
M.Pt. 169-1720C. Yield: Yield per batch 2,000 kg. D.M.A. à 730 kg. ketone.
D.M.A. Recovery: N,N-二甲基苯胺回收:
The mother liquors are distilled in steam from 2.6-2.8
l. milk of lime. Distillation is continued until one litre of distillate
contains only 1-2 g. oil – 45 hr.(the sample is taken between the cooler and
the separator). The recovery of oil is
1,020-1,040 kg.
2,000 kg. D.M.A. charge. 1,040 kg. D.M.A. recovery. 960 kg. D.M.A. – 730 kg. ketone = 76.1%.
The D.M.A. used is tested for monomethylaniline by
acetylation. It must not exceed 0.36% and usually it is 0.15-0.3%
Remarks: 操作要点:
According to the staff condensation of D.M.A. (or
D.E.A.) with phosgene always gives a mixture of o- and p-dimethylaminobenzoyl
chloride, low temperatures favouring p- condensation and high temperatures o-.
At about atmospheric temperatures 78-80% of p-dimethylaminobenzoyl chloride is
formed together with about 22-20% of o-. It is obvious that these two acid
chlorides can each couple either o- or p-, and in actual fact they each couple
simultaneously o- and p-, low temperatures again favouring p- coupling. At medium
temperatures of say 42-800C. p- coupling takes place to about 83-85%
and o- coupling to 17-15%. It will be seen therefore that the maximum yield
which can be expected by this route under the existing temperature conditions
is of the order of 66-67% against which the works yield of 67.3% is an
extremely good performance. It was not considered that higher yields are
possible by this route.
It has been demonstrated in the Basic Colours Department
that the product from the condensation with zinc chloride at medium
temperatures has the following composition:-
Michlor’s Ketone 67.3%. + o:p-Ketone 18.7% + Kristallviolet 1.8% + Dimethylaminobenzoic acid 3.0% +
O:o’-Ketone + tar 8-10% 抄注: 抄录未分项,合计100%。说明本工艺,米氏酮含量为67.3%。
Michler’s Ketone is isolated only for the following
productions:- 米氏酮用于下列产品的生产,需分离: Acid Violet 6BNOO 3130 Fw.(酸性紫15.)。 Victoria Blue
4R. (碱性蓝8/ 溶剂蓝2.)。Alkali violet 3Roo. (酸性紫38.)。 Crystal Violet 10B.(碱性紫3.)For all other processes in
which it is required it is reacted in situ.
细田豊。《理论制造染料化学》1957年。P. 469. 摘译自PB 77764. 抄录如下。
26. ミヒラ- ケトン(テトラメチル-p,p’-シ”アミノヘ”ンソ”フエノン): 3.3 m3 ホ-ロ-引釜のシ”メチルアニリン2 tにホスケ”ン400 kgを15-170て”12 hに加え,15-200て”12 h, 25-280て”12 h後,ZnCl2 70 kgを加え,3 h後ZnCl2 70 kgを追加し,24 hに420,なお24 hに500まて”上け”,最後に6 hに800まて”上け”る。ここて”试料50
gを加水分解しシ”メチルアニリン安息香酸0.5 g以下て”あつたら,急に95-1000に上け”,水2.8 m3に排出し,同时に盐酸220-240 lを加え800に热してシ”メチルアニリを盐酸盐にし,500て”ケトンを滤過し,水2 m3 + 盐酸15 lとませ”て滤過洗净,90-1000て”减压亁燥する。Michler’s Ketone 730
kg, mp 169-1720.
母液に石灰乳2.6-2.8m3を加え水蒸汽蒸馏してシ”メチルアニリン1040 kgを回收する。差引收率76.1%。
张澍声 编译。《精细化工中间体工业生产技术》1996年。P. 12-13. 四甲基米氏酮 译自BIOS 986. 抄录如下。
在3300 L搪瓷熔融锅中加入2000 kg二甲基苯胺,在搅拌下于约12小时内在15-170C加入400 kg液体光气。最初温度很快升高,压力升高10-20 mmHg,将其排放。由加入光气完毕计算,在15-1200C保持12小时,在20-250C保持12小时,在25-280C保持12小时。共36小时后,加入总量140 kg无水氯化锌,分为两半,每一半需3小时。当温度上升到350C时,可用冷水降至280C。第二次加完氯化锌后3小时,将水浴加热并搅拌,使温度于24小时内上升到420C,再在24小时内上升到500C,最后于6小时内上升到800C。检验未缩合的酰氯是:转化为对二甲氨基苯甲酸,每50 g最终熔融物的样品应得到不多于0.5 g二甲氨基苯甲酸(全部熔融物中25.4 g)。迅速加热到95-1000C并注意防止粉碎。
由底部出口流出稠厚的熔融物,进入含有2800 L油- 水的蒸煮器,同时以细流加入盐酸。当熔融物加入完毕,应该已经加入足够的盐酸,对刚果红试纸产生明显的棕色,加料时应进行搅拌,需要的盐酸为220-240 L。用热水洗涤熔融锅到蒸煮器中,熔融锅烘干用于下次反应。将蒸煮器内含物用直接蒸汽仔细加热到800C,在该温度检验气味,确保过量的二甲基苯胺不是强烈挥发,必要时再加入5 L盐酸,液体应呈弱酸性反应。用冷水稀释,停止搅拌,次日晨压入Streich抽滤,滤饼尽可能压干。另将2000-2300 L二甲基苯胺蒸馏时的油水与15 L盐酸搅拌,分两次加到Streich滤器中,与滤饼一起搅拌,抽滤。第三次洗涤是将将Streich滤器用水充满2/3高度,再加入40 kg 20% 氨,搅拌并抽滤。在60-70 cm真空下在干燥箱的铁盘中干燥,内温90-1000C。与二甲苯一起蒸馏来检验水分,水分含量不可大于1.7%。
米氏酮纯度的检验是,取100 g干燥后的样品溶解于160 ml热二甲苯中,震荡并用水冷却来结晶,15-20小时后过滤,用少量冷二甲苯洗涤,蒸发去母液,洗涤至干。滤饼用5 ml乙醇洗两次,抽滤。醇液体中仅含焦油状物,并在焦油烧瓶中蒸发,熔点169-1720C。
每批2000 kg二甲基苯胺得到730 kg四甲基米氏酮。二甲基苯胺回收 – 将母液水蒸汽蒸馏,直至1升蒸馏物中仅含1-2 g油。回收的油为1020-1040 kg。二甲基苯胺实际用量2000 – 1040 = 960 kg,产生730 kg四甲基醚氏酮,收率76.1%。
二甲基苯胺中的二甲基苯胺含量应通过酰化来检验,不可超过0.36%,通常含量0.15-0.30%。
注意 – 据管理人员称,二甲基苯胺与光气缩合,往往得到邻- 和对- 二甲氨基苯甲酰氯的混合物,低温有利于对位缩合,高温有利于邻位。在常温下形成78-80%对二甲氨基苯甲酰氯,同时形成20-22%邻位。显然这两种酰氯各自能与对位或邻位缩合。而低温又有利于对位结合。在中等温度,例如42-800C,对位结合约进行83-85%,邻位结合15-17%。用这条路线在现有温度条件下可得到最大收率66-6%,工厂收率67.3%是极好的。
用氯化锌在中等温度缩合的产物组成为:米氏酮67.3%,邻,对酮18.7%,结晶紫1.8%,二甲氨基苯甲酸3.0%,邻,邻酮+焦油8-10%。
一般米氏酮仅在下列产品中分离出来,碱性艳兰BO,碱性紫4BN。
PB 25626,1359-1364. Direction for producing“Ketone” (Muehler’s ketone). 1930年9月。1美元。美国人介绍如下。
Apparatus and process for producing Muehler’s Ketone
are described in detail. In a second document attached, the process for the
diethyl analog of Muehler’s ketone is described. In German. 这是德文。 缩微胶卷原件,本人未抄录。
PB 25627, 3035-3041. Michler’s Ketone. 1930年12月。1美元。美国人介绍如下。
This compound is produced by introducing phosgene into dimethyl aniline and
adding zinc chloride. The process is
described in detail. In English. 这是英文。缩微胶卷原件,本人未抄录。
上海市有机化学工业公司。《 染料生产工艺汇编》1976年。P. 72. 4,4’-二(二甲氨基)二苯甲酮(米氏酮)抄录如下。
缩合: 在锅中加入N,N-二甲基苯胺1200公斤,在低于200C,24小时内导入气态光气260公斤。导毕,在25-280C搅拌10小时;在400C搅拌5小时。加入无水氯化锌50公斤,再在400C保温3小时。再加无水氯化锌50公斤,升温至420C,保温13小时,升温至500C,保温13小时;升温至800C,保温9小时;升温至900C,保温1小时。反应毕,以盐酸酸析至pH 3-4,冷至400C,过滤。滤饼以1%盐酸300公斤洗涤,滤饼再以1%盐酸1000公斤打浆,加热至800C,冷至600C,过滤。滤饼以0.5%盐酸打浆,加热至800C,冷至600C,过滤,水洗至中性。滤饼以800C的5%氢氧化钠1000公斤打浆,过滤,水洗至中性。烘干,得4,4’-二(二甲氨基)二苯甲酮(米氏酮)400公斤。
备注:酸析得滤饼和第一次打浆的滤液以30%液碱中和,分出油状物。减压蒸馏,回收N,N-二甲基苯胺。尾气处理:见猩红酸。 收率: 55%. 抄注; 本资料早已有人抄录出版。
天津染料生产工艺汇编。1980年。P. 27-28. 四甲基米氏酮 抄录如下。
1. 光化,缩合: 将经过36小时静置脱水得二甲基苯胺,用泵打入缩合罐内,降温至10-150C,以15-17公斤/小时的速度将气态光气通入二甲苯胺中,物料温度控制在200C以下,当通入光气290公斤后停止通气,然后在15-200C保持15小时。在20-250C保持10小时,在1小时内升温至400C,在400C保持15小时,后在400C将100公斤无水三氯化铅(抄注:消耗表中又为三氯化铝?)分两次加入,每次相隔两小时,加毕再保温2小时,在3小时内升温至900C,并保温3小时,用15% 氢氧化钠溶液测定,其白色沉淀越少越好。
2. 酸化: 将缩合物放入酸化罐中,并加水150升洗缩合罐,刷毕仍放入该酸化罐中进行稀释,用直接汽升温,在75-800C加盐酸,至pH值为3,升温至950C。保持2小时,自然降温至700C,进行抽滤。
3. 抽滤,洗涤: 待滤浓抽净后,用60-700C热水洗涤2-3次。将湿四甲酮出槽称重。
4. 干燥: 将湿四甲酮投入耙式真空干燥器内,真空在100 mmHg柱,器内温度在900C,干燥10-12小时,夹套给冷却水降温至400C以下,便可出料包装。
5. 中和: 将滤液和一,二次洗涤液压入中和罐内,物料温度在30-400C时,缓慢加入30%氢氧化钠液,使pH值= 9-10,静置2小时,放掉水层,抽层待蒸馏。
6. 蒸馏: 将中和罐内油吸入蒸馏釜内,进行水蒸汽蒸馏,馏出液中无油为止,后在静置分离罐内静置5小时后,放掉水层,二甲苯胺放入大桶,经检验合格后,可循环使用。 原料消耗定额: 略。(其中有三氯化铝?)
天津市染料工业研究所。薄层色谱分离 - 萃取 – 分光光度法测定4,4’-二甲基二氨基二苯甲酮的含量。
[J] 染料工业,1979, 2, 64. 具体请见原文,不再抄录。
陈忠源 2017年6月27日 于 无锡 明辉国际。