CAS号 [95-54-5] 生产工艺 邻苯二胺
CAS名:1,2-Benzenediamine, 参考文献: Beil. 13,6; E1,5; E2,8; E3,28; E4,38.
用途:有机合成,医药,染料。溶剂黄184, 187。溶剂棕62, 63。还原橙7。还原红14,15。颜料橙43,65,70。颜料红194。
生产工艺文献:
BIOS 1153,261-262.(=胶卷PB 85687) o-Phenylenediamine. (Hoechst) 英国人译自德文。抄录如下。
反应式:本人有加注,译者未说明译自哪个德文原件,同样,美国人的译文也未说明资料来源,但后者比较详细。
Outline:
o-Nitroaniline is reduced with sodium
sulphide under pressure and the product isolated by direct filtration. The
mother liquor is split into two and the two parts used for the 2nd and 3rd batches respectively, the usage of Na2S for these
being only half of that for the 1st batch.
Plant: 略。
Materials: o-Nitroaniline
100% (as 80% moist paste) 581 kg. Sodium sulphide 100% (as 24% clarified
solution) 745 kg. (average for 3 batches) (1130 kg. 100% for 1st batch, 565 kg. for 2nd and 3rd ).
Process:
4700 kg. of sodium sulphide 24% (= 1300 kg.
100%) are diluted in a 7 cu. m. iron vessel with 1930 kg, of water to give a
17% solution.
Then 581 kg. of o-nitroaniline
100% (as 80% moist paste) are charged in small portion during 2 hours at a
temperature below 500.
The vessel is closed and heated to 1050 during 3 hours and held 5 hours at this temperature. The pressure reaches 0.8
atm. The
batch is cooled to 100,
stirred for 12 hours and filtered on a tiled nutsche (24 hours). It is finally
washed with 200 kg. of ice-water. The
wash-water is used as dilution
water for the subsequent batch.
After 3 batches the mother liquor is treated
with bisulphite and sulphuric acid and discarded.
Ylied
= 380 kg. 100% = 65.3 by wt. =
83.5% theory on o-nitroaniline.
Specification: The product
contains 8-10% moisture. Brown, 1-2 mm. large, scaly crystals. M.Pt. dry
101-1020 (pure 102-1030)
Purity 97-99%.
Plant yields: 1934 86.8%.
1935 85.8%. 1936
84.0%.
Production: 3 batches per
weak (6 days) = 1140 kg. Annual
production: 7-8 tones.
张澍声 《精细化工中间体及产品生产工艺》 2006年。P.272. 译自BIOS
1153,262. 抄录如下。
在7000 L铁锅中加入4700 kg 24% Na2S溶液(1300 kg 100% Na2S)和1930 kg水,得到17%溶液。在500C以下于2小时内分
小批加入581 kg 100% 邻硝基苯胺,为80%湿滤饼。闭锅,于3小时内加热到1050C,在此温度保持5小时,压力为0.8巴。反应
物冷却到100C,搅拌12小时,抽滤(24小时),用200 kg冰水洗涤,洗水用于下批作稀释水。母液使用3次后,用硫酸氢钠和
硫酸处理后弃去。得到380 kg 邻苯二胺,实际为65.3%滤饼。
收率83.5%。产品纯度97-99%,熔点101-1020C(纯品102-1030C)产品为1-2 mm棕色结晶。
FIAT 1313,I, 229-230.(胶卷PB 85172)o-Phenylene diamine = “Orthamin” (Hoechst) 美国人译自德文。抄录如下。
Use: For Indanthrene Scarlet GG at
Hoechst and pharmaceutical products made at Elbrfeld and by Merck: further more
sale to various
clients. Plant capacity: 3 tons. Equipment: 略。
Materials used per ton: o-nitroaniline
100% 1.4 tons. Sodium-sulfide 100% 1.7 tons. Bisulfate
liquor 100% 0.1 ton. Sulfuric acid 78% 1.0 ton.
Service requirements per ton of product: Electricity 1.10 kwh. Steam 9.5 ton.. Water 0.20 kwh. Compressed air 1.0 cu.m.
Procedure:
To 6600 kg solution of sodium sulfide 17% (=1100 kg of
100%) 581 kg o-nitroaniline 100%, in form of 80% moist product, are added
within 2 hours, while the temperature is raised to 500C. With the
second and third batch one half of the solution of sodium sulfide is replaced
by one half of the mother liquor of the first batch. With the fourth batch
again the full quantity of sodium sulfide. In current operation on an average
for each batch 2/3 of the first quantity of sodium sulfide = 745 kg 100% are
needed. After addition of the o-nitroaniline the closed vessel is heated up to
1050C with 3 hours and kept at this temperature during 5 hours. (0.8
atmosphere excess pressure). Cool to 100C, stir for 12 hours at 100C,
sharply suck off on the suction filter (24-30 hours) and cover 3-4 times with
altogether 200 kg ice water. Use wash water as thinning water for the next
batch. The filtrate of one batch with the full quantity of sodium sulfide is
distributed between the next two. The filtrates of these are treated in the
vessel for destroying sodium sulfide with bisulfate and sulfuric acid or
hydrochloric acid, until no more sodium sulfide is detectable, and then are run
into the sewer.
Control: The solution of
sodium sulfide, which is delivered by the chlorine plant as a 30% solution,
must not precipitate iron sulfide on dilution with water. Determination of content of Orthamine at the
analytical laboratory.
Quality: o-Nitroaniline
contains about 20% water and has a solidification point of 680C.
The Orthamine crystallizes in large 1-2 mm.
scales, and has a brownish color. Melting point 101-1020C. It shall
be as free as possible
from adhering mother liquor and,
when acidified, develop only traces of hydrogen sulfide. Contains 8-10% of
water. It worked up and
sold in a moist condition.
Note:
The reducer has a gate agitator in the
bottom half with a single paddle above. It revolves at about 30 r.p.m. The
suction filter is too
small, since it builds up about
a 12 to 15 inch cake that slows down the operation. A 6” to 8” cake depth would be better.
PB 25624, 1052. o-Phenylenediamine. 德文生产工艺。未抄录。
PB 70190, 7793. o-Phenylenediamine. Nr. 623, 德文1941年分析方法。未抄录。
PB 70361, 7138-717142. Orthamin. By Mahler. 德文1939年1月23日生产工艺。未抄录。
PB 73377, 2249-2251. Orthamin. 美国人编写的生产工艺调査报告(英文)。未抄录。
PB 73484, 1164-1165. Orthamin. By Marschell. 德文1935年生产工艺。未抄录。
PB 73719, 2040-2045. Orthamin. 德文1939年4月27日生产工艺。未抄录。
PB 74120, 658-685. 邻苯二胺生产,含还原橙7和还原红14生产工艺。未抄录。
上海市有机化学工业公司 《染料生产工艺汇编》 1976年。 P. 31. 邻苯二胺 抄录如下。
操作方法; 在还原釜内加入21% 硫化钠溶液1330升和邻硝基苯胺200公斤。升温至900C,关闭放空阀,升温至105-1100C,
压力为1-2公斤/厘米2,保温5小时。降温至400C, 过滤。
将滤饼加热融化,压到精馏釜内,进行减压蒸馏。收集塔顶温度140-2100C的馏份。当真空度大于700毫米汞柱,塔顶温度
下降时,结束蒸馏。 收率:70-80%。(抄注: 本生产工艺,有多家出版社出版,但编者均未说明资料来源!!!)
俄 A.B. Ельцова。 染料及中间体实验室合成方法。1985年。 § 9.1 还原大红2 Ж 译文如下。
1. 锌粉还原法: 将装有搅拌,温度计和回流冷凝器的500 ml三口烧瓶,置于电加热水浴中,加入34.5 g邻硝基苯胺,20 ml
水,4.9 g NaOH和100 ml乙醇,在强烈搅拌下加热至沸,保温20-30分钟,关闭电炉,分小分(每次5-5 g)加入65 g锌粉,加
锌粉时应保持沸腾状态,但不能暴沸,然后开电炉,再煮沸反应1小时,此时溶液由深红色变成接近无色,趁热用布氏漏斗过
滤,锌泥置于同一烧瓶内,加入75 ml乙醇,煮沸处理15-20分钟,过滤,洗液和母液合并,如此重复抄录一次。
将装有直管冷凝器,毛细管,应给管和受器的500 ml浮氏蒸馏烧瓶,置于电加热水浴中,瓶内加入上述滤液,用水抽减压
蒸出溶剂到体积为60-75 ml,蒸馏残液于冰盐水浴中冷却30-40分钟,过滤出浅黄色结晶,用15 ml冰水洗涤,置于培养皿中,
于真空干燥器中干燥。 得量:23 g (85%),粗品熔点97-1000C.
粗品置于250 ml烧杯内,加入80-85 ml热水(85-900C)和1 g保险粉进行精制处理。为此,在玻璃棒搅拌下,于砂浴中加
热10-15分钟使物料溶解,加入2-3 g活性炭,煮沸处理5-10分钟,用多折滤纸过滤,滤液冷却至室温,然后于冰盐水浴中冷却,
析出的无色结晶用布氏漏斗过滤,抽干,用10 ml冰水洗涤,再抽干,用真空干燥器干燥。
得量; 20 g(74%),熔点101-1020C,水中重结晶,熔点103-103.50C,易溶于甲醇,乙醇,氯仿;可溶于无机酸。热水。
2. 肼还原法: 预先准备: (a) 研细30 g KOH;
(b) 兰尼镍的制备 – 在研钵内研细含镍约30-40%的Ni-Al合金;在500 ml
烧杯内,将10 g研细得合金在玻璃棒强烈搅拌下悬浮在100 ml水中,分小份加入15-20 g研细的KOH,加入速度控制在不致产
生过多的泡沫,经过诱导期后粉碎强烈的反应,继续加KOH到不再有明显的反应为止,加料结束物料放置20-30分钟,然后于
砂浴中加热到700C, 倾析掉水层;镍粉用蒸馏水洗涤(洗3-4次,每次100 ml),再用乙醇洗涤(洗2-3次,每次25 ml);催化
剂 - 兰尼镍可用水或乙醇保存在磨口瓶内。
还原操作方法: 将装有搅拌,温度计,滴液漏斗和回流冷凝器的500 ml园底三口烧瓶,置于电加热水浴中,加入20 g 2-
硝基苯胺,200 ml乙醇,加热至沸,搅拌30-40分钟使2-硝基苯胺完全溶解,冷却至25-300C,加入3-5 g兰尼镍,随后滴加15 ml
85%肼,反应物料在搅拌下,于30-40分钟内加热至沸,保温反应到溶液中绿色不再消失为止(40-50分钟),搅拌冷却至室温,
将邻苯二胺与催化剂进行倾析分离,催化剂用乙醇洗涤(洗2次,每次15 ml),乙醇洗液和母液合并,置于装有回流冷凝器的
250 ml园底烧瓶内,加入2-3 g活性炭,于电加热水浴中加热至沸,煮沸10-15分钟,溶液趁热用多折滤纸过滤,滤液置于500 ml
浮氏蒸馏瓶内,用水浴加热蒸出乙醇(约200-250 ml),残液用冰盐水浴冷却,然后用布氏漏斗过滤出邻苯二胺,滤饼抽干,用
15 ml冰水洗涤,在抽干,于KOH真空干燥器中干燥。得量:20 g(88%),熔点100-1020C.
宋东明 李树德 等(大工)加氢法制备邻苯二胺[J]染料工业,1994, 6,16-18. 摘录如下。
实验方法: 在200 ml高压釜中加入30 g水,数滴15% 碳酸钠溶液调pH≥ 9,然后加入13.8 g(0.1 mol)邻硝基苯胺(折
100%)和276 g自制的0.8% Pd/C催化剂。密闭系统,以氮气置换3次,再用氢气置换3次。搅拌,升温,保持氢气0.7 MPa,
800C反应5小时,停止吸氢为终点。排空,趁热过滤,滤液中加入0.5 g保险粉(Na2S2O4),母液冷却至0-50C.过滤,滤饼烘干,
得10.3 g灰色片状邻苯二胺,收率95.4%,产品熔点100-1020C.
终点控制: 薄层色谱,硅胶GF254固定相;环己烷:乙酸乙酯 = 1:1展开剂,用乙醇溶样,紫外灯下显示。原料邻硝基苯胺
Rf 0.85, 产物邻苯二胺Rf 0.35. 参考文献: 8篇。(其中3篇,中文)。
丁 斌 韩楚文 (吉林化院) 改进的氨解工艺合成邻苯二胺 [J] 染料工业, 2002, 5, 39-40. 摘录如下。
改进后的实际生产情况: 发现,操作说明是C.I.冰染重氮组分6 色基,CAS号[88-74-4]的生产工艺,所以不再抄录,同时请
读者将本人已上网的《C.I.冰染重氮组分6(C.I.37025)》做一个补充。其次,也请你把CAS号[88-74-9]改成[88-74-4]。谢谢!
加注:
本人已在2017年1月17日上网的C.I. 冰染重氮组分6中提到,抄录和打字可能有错,真的是有不少
错,对不起大家!再次希望在读者发现问题时,能及时指出,谢谢!
另外,昨天上网的,CAS号[88-43-7],在反应式中,结构式下,打成[88-43-1]了,也请改正。真是一个人能力有限,希望能得到读者的理解
陈忠源 2017年4月13日 于
无锡 明辉国际。