CAS号 [81-54-9] 生产工艺。
1,2,4-三羟基蒽醌
CAS名:Anthracene-9,10-dione, 1,2,4-trihydroxy- 历史参考文献:Beil. 8, 509; E4, 3568.
用途:媒介黑13, 57。颜料红84。烟雾棕G。LookChem网登录生产与经营单位58家。 反应类别:氧化。
BIOS 1484, 26-27.(=胶卷PB 86139)。 Purpurin.
(Leverkusen). 英国人译自德文,无资料来源。
反应式:本人有加注,德文原件未抄录。
Plant: Iron vessel 3000 l。 Iron
vessel 1000 l。 Tiled tank 25,000 l。
Filter press。
Method: 300 kg. Alizarine Is dissolved in 2400 kg. 96% sulphuric acid
and 90 litres water added, keeping the temperature below 50℃. After cooling to 18-20℃. there is added in 12-15 hours, a suspension of 175 kg. manganese
dioxide in 800 kg. 96% sulphuric acid.
The charge is stirred until a test in dilute caustic soda does not show
alizarine. If necessary more manganese
dioxide is added. The charge is blown to
a tank containing 14,000 l. water and 30 kg. 40% sodium bisulphite. After diluting the charge with cold water to
22,000 litres it is filtered, washed and dried at 120℃. Yield = 300 kg.
FIAT 1313,II, 57-58.(=胶卷PB 85172)。 1,2,4-Trihydroxy
anthraquinone (purpurin). 美国人译自德文,无资料来源。
This product is manufactured at Leverkusen by oxidation of Alizarin
(1,2-dihydroxy anthraquinone) obtained from the Ludwigshafen with manganese
dioxide and sulfuric acid. A brief
description of the amounts of materials used and method of operation is given
below:
300 kg. Alizarin (1,2-dihydroxy anthraquinone), 2400 kg. sulfuric acid (96%), 90 litres
water, 175 kg. manganese dioxide and 800 kg. sulfuric acid (96%).
The 2400 kg. of sulfuric acid (96%) are run into an agitated steel,
jacketed, agitated kettle and the 300 kg. of Alizarin are then added and
dissolved. 90 liters of water are then
added, keeping the temperature below 500 and the mixture is cooled to 18-200. Keeping the temperature between 18-200, there
is then added a previously prepared mixture of 175 kg. manganese dioxide, 800 kg. sulfuric acid (96%).
This mixture is agitated two to three hours and tests for completion
of the oxidation are made by examination of a sample for the presence of
unchanged alizarin, which is shown upon solution in dilute sodium hydroxide
solution. If found necessary, 5-10 kg.
more manganese dioxide are added to complete the oxidation.
The finished melt is then blown into a large brick lined agitated
slurry tank into 14,000 liters of water and then 30 kg. of sodium bisulfite
(40% solution) are added to dissolve the excess manganese dioxide and the
slurry is heated to the boil. The slurry
tank is then filled to capacity with cold water and slurry filtered off on a
wooden filter press and washed acid free and dried. The yield is 300 kg. of dry, 80% pure, works
product.
FIAT 1313,II, 210-211.(=胶卷PB85172)。 Purpurin
(1,2,4-Trihydroxy anthraquinone. (Leverkusen). 美国人译自德文,无资料来源。
To a 2,400 kg. 96% sulfuric acid in an iron kettle, add during 1 hour
at ordinary temperature, 300 kg. alizarin.
Then below 50℃, add 90 kg. water to adjust to 93% acid
concentration. Cool to 18-20℃ and add at that temperature during 12-15 hours, 175 kg. finely ground
mineral manganese dioxide (ca 90%) in 800 kg. 660Be’ sulfuric acid. Follow oxidation by testing: Boil up a few
drops of charge with water and excess sulfite, filter, and wash the
precipitate. Treat precipitate with 0.5% sodium hydroxide. If blue color forms, alizarin is still
present. If necessary, add 5-10 kg. more
manganese dioxide.
When finished, drown in 14,000 l. water containing 30 kg. bisulfite
solution previously heated to 40℃. Heat to boil.
Dilute to 22,000 l. with cold water and filter in filter press. Dry.
The yield is 300-320 kg. = 84% of theory.
The quality of manganese dioxide is important. Minetal must be used and must be finely
ground. Synthetic is too vigorous.
CIOS XXVII – 84, 62. 这是原版《Colour Index》。C.I. 58205 *
Mordant Dye 中所介绍的生产工艺资料,本人未收藏。
其中,含 FIAT 764 – Rauchbraun G (即媒介棕G)。
细田豊 《理论制造染料化学》 1957年。 P. 684. パ- プリン。 译自BIOS 1484.
アリザリン300 kgを96% 硫酸2400 kgに溶し,500以下で水90 lを加え,18-200で12-15 hかかつてMnO2 175 kg + 96% 硫酸800 kgを加える。试料を希NaOH液に溶した色でアリザリン認めなくなるまで搅拌をつづけ,必要あればMnO2を追加する。水14 m 3+ NaHSO3 40% 30 kgに排出,水で22 m3とし滤洗,1200で亁燥する。300 kg.
张澍声 《精细化工中间体工业生产技术》 1996年。 P.
233-234. 译自FIAT 1313,II, 57.
将2400 kg 96% 硫酸加到带搅拌的夹套釜中,再加入300 kg 1,2-二羟基蒽醌(茜素)并溶解于硫酸中。然后加入90 L水,保持温度在50℃以下。加完后混合物冷却到18-20℃。另外预先制备175 kg 二氧化锰溶解于800 kg 96% 硫酸的溶液,加到上述混合物中,搅拌2-3小时。检验氧化是否完全,即取样在稀氢氧化钠溶液中是否有1,4-二羟基蒽醌存在。如果氧化不完全,可再加5-10 kg 二氧化锰以完成氧化。
最后的混合物送入一大型衬砖带搅拌打浆槽中,槽内装有14000 L水,然后加入30 kg 40% 亚硫酸氢钠溶液,以溶解过量的二氧化锰。浆状物加热至沸,打浆槽加冷水至满,浆状物在木制压滤机中过滤,洗至不含酸,过滤,干燥。得到300 kg 干的1,2,4-三羟基蒽醌,纯度80%。经真空升华,纯度达92%。
PB 74026, 2077. 1,2,4-Trihydroxy
anthraquinone. 德文生产工艺,未抄录。
国内研究动态。
天津市染化二厂 从1,4-二羟基蒽醌制1,2,4-三羟基蒽醌。 [J] 化工技术资料(染料及中间体专业分册)。1966, 2, 47.
摘录:经过近80次试验,找到了最佳的工艺条件。
1,4-二羟基蒽醌制1,2,4-三羟基蒽醌的氧化条件就比较高的。硫酸浓度较高对反应有利,而硫酸用量为1,4-二羟基蒽醌10倍下比较有利。
反应温度。温度选择在140℃比较适合,太高了所得1,2,4-三羟基蒽醌纯度反而低了;时间选择6小时比较适合,再长所得1,2,4-三羟基蒽醌纯度提高不多,另外对二氧化锰种类及其用量也做了选择与实验,后处理主要是分离1,2,4-三羟基蒽醌与未反应的1,4-二羟基蒽醌,二氧化锰基硫酸,采用稀释方法,即将氧化物倒入70倍的水中,加入亚硫酸氢钠以还原过滤的二氧化锰,热过滤,热水洗,烤干,即得产品。
此法所得之1,2,4-三羟基蒽醌纯度在80% 以上,产率在70% 以上,可以满足合成媒介灰的要求。
抄注:本文无参考文献!
染料专业出版物。
何岩彬 主编 《染料品种大全》。 沈阳出版社 出版 2018年。 P. 1983. 1,2,4-三羟基蒽醌。
其中含:英文名称;分子式;分子量和可合成的染料。上述抄录文,可作为资料的补充。
抄录有感。
本人看过不少出版物,至少没有人把国内研究过的产品合成工艺进行归纳。例如;
侯乐山 主编 《中国精细化工产品集 – 原料及中间体10396种》2006年出版。这是由《中国化工信息中心 全国精细化工原料及中间体行业协作组》出版的图书。书后有:中文名;英文名和CAS号。但本人没有看到。
所以在这里请读者理解本人的《考古》,其实,1966年不算是《考古》吧!可惜,本人手头没有那么多的图书和刊物!
陈忠源 2019年6月4日星期二。